Gum Disease Linked to Oral Cancer
If you have been told you have gum disease (periodontal disease) you are not alone. Many adults in the U.S. have some form of the disease. It can range from a simple inflammation of the gum to a serious disease that results in bone and tissue damage and possible tooth loss.
Gum disease is caused by bacteria, which our mouths are full of. It is these bacteria, along with mucus and other particles, which form plaque on our teeth. Daily brushing and flossing helps eliminate plaque. When plaque is not removed, it can harden and form “tartar” that brushing doesn’t remove. Only a professional cleaning can help remove tartar.
The longer plaque and tartar are on teeth, the more harmful they become. The bacteria cause inflammation of the gums called gingivitis. This is when the gums become red, swollen and can bleed easily. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that can usually be reversed with daily brushing, flossing and regular dental visits.
When gingivitis isn’t treated, it can develop into periodontitis. This is when the gums pull away from the teeth and form spaces (also called pockets) that become infected. Naturally, the body’s immune system fights the bacteria as the plaque spreads and grows below the gum line. As a result, the bone and connective tissue can begin to break down and if not treated, can be destroyed.
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Oral cancer is part of a group of cancers called head and neck cancers. Oral cancer can occur in any part of the mouth; on the tongue’s surface, in the lips, inside the cheek, in the gums, in the roof and floor of the mouth, in the tonsils, and also the salivary glands. Approximately 34,000 Americans are diagnosed with oral cancer every year. There are several factors that can put someone at risk of getting some form of oral cancer including but not limited to: tobacco and alcohol use, sun exposure, diet, age and the human papillomavirus (HPV).
New research indicates gum disease is linked to oral cancer.
For years, a link between gum disease and many systemic illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes and stroke has been well documented. However, recent studies are uncovering a strong correlation of advanced gum disease with a higher percentage of cancer incidences, including oral cancer. Researchers from Case Western Reserve University have discovered how byproducts from two bacteria prevalent in gum disease induce the growth of deadly Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) related lesions and tumors in the mouth. This discovery could lead to early saliva testing for the bacteria and if found, early treatment.
The study shares that most at risk are those with HIV, people with compromised immune systems, people on medications to suppress the rejection of transplants, cancer patients and the elderly.
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