Keeping a Healthy Smile During Pregnancy
A healthy mouth is important for a mother and the fetus during pregnancy. The use of x-ryas, numbing medications, and dental treatments are safe throughout pregnancy.
Dental problems that pregnant people should watch for include:
- Gum Disease
- Cavities
- Enamel Erosion
Gum Disease
Hormones released during pregnancy can affect your gums in several ways, including gingivitis, overgrowths, and periodontal disease.
Gingivitis. Gingivitis is a mild form of gum disease that causes your gums to become sensitive and swell. They may bleed when you brush or try to clean between your teeth. Because of the swelling, it may be difficult to keep your teeth clean when you have gingivitis. To reduce the risk of gingivitis, it is important to take good care of your teeth every day.
Overgrowths. Sometimes during pregnancy, the soft tissues in the mouth may develop a lump or overgrowth. This usually involves the gum tissue but can occur in other places like the tongue or cheeks. These overgrowths may be called pregnancy tumors, but they are not cancer. In most cases, they go away after pregnancy.
Periodontitis. Periodontitis is a more serious form of gum disease. In this type of gum disease, bacteria and bits of food build up below the gumline and start to attack the tissues and bone that hold your teeth in place. With periodontal disease, you may notice bleeding or a feeling that your teeth are loose, or you may have no symptoms at all. A dental visit allows your dentist to check the health of your teeth and gums. If you have periodontitis, your dentist can provide a deep cleaning, under the gumline.
Cavities
Pregnant people also are at a higher risk of developing cavities. This is probably caused by changes in diet. Cavities are caused by the thin layer of bacteria that builds up on teeth. This is called plaque and is perfectly normal. However, when you eat and drink, the bacteria in this plaque produce an acid that can eat away at the enamel on your teeth, causing cavities. You can reduce the risk with good, daily oral care.
Erosion
Erosion is the loss of the hard outer layer of your teeth, known as enamel, due to acids coming from the stomach or foods that dissolve the enamel.
During pregnancy, those who have reflux or vomit often can be at risk of erosion. You can reduce your risk of erosion by limiting snacks and drinking water rather than acidic drinks like juices and sodas. You may be tempted to brush tour teeth immediately after vomiting, but do not do that. Your enamel may be soft, and brushing could damage it. Instead rinse your mouth with plain water or a baking soda rinse consisting of 1 teaspoon of baking soda in 1 cup of water.
Taking Care of Your Teeth at Home
To care for your teeth at home:
- Brush your teeth twice a day for 2 minutes using a soft bristled brush and fluoride toothpaste. Gently brush all sides of each tooth making small circles along the gumline.
- Clean between your teeth once per day, using floss, tiny brushes or floss holders. Talk to your dentist or dental hygienist if you need help choosing a product or learning to use it properly.
During pregnancy, you are at higher risk of developing gum disease and cavities and damaging the enamel of your teeth. Work closely with your dental team members to improve your oral health and keep your mouth healthy through out pregnancy.
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